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Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans protected the cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting high-mobility group box protein-1
Il-Joo Jo,Gi-Sang Bae,Kyoung-Chel Park,Sun Bok Choi
World Journal of Gastroenterology , 2013, DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i10.1551
Abstract: AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (SSM) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in a mouse model. METHODS: SSM water extract (0.1, 0.5, or 1 g/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally 1 h prior to the first injection of cerulein. Once AP developed, the stable cholecystokinin analogue, cerulein was injected hourly, over a 6 h period. Blood samples were taken 6 h later to determine serum amylase, lipase, and cytokine levels. The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for morphological examination, myeloperoxidase assay, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To specify the role of SSM in pancreatitis, the pancreatic acinar cells were isolated using collagenase method. Then the cells were pre-treated with SSM, then stimulated with cerulein. The cell viability, cytokine productions and high-mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) were measured. Furthermore, the regulating mechanisms of SSM action were evaluated. RESULTS: The administration of SSM significantly attenuated the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as was shown by the reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, vacuolization and necrosis. SSM treatment also reduced pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. In addition, treatment with SSM inhibited HMGB-1 expression in the pancreas during AP. In accordance with in vivo data, SSM inhibited the cerulein-induced acinar cell death, cytokine, and HMGB-1 release. SSM also inhibited the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SSM plays a protective role during the development of AP and pancreatitis associated lung injury via deactivating c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38 and NF-κB.
Mutation effects in ordered trees
Gi-Sang Cheon,Hana Kim,Louis W. Shapiro
Mathematics , 2014,
Abstract: A mutation will affect an individual and some or all of its descendants. In this paper, we investigate ordered trees with a distinguished vertex called the mutator. We describe various mutations in ordered trees, and find the generating functions for statistics concerning trees with those mutations. The examples give new interpretations to several known sequences and also introduce many new sequences and their combinatorial interpretations.
Myrrh Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response and Protects from Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis
Min-Sun Kim,Gi-Sang Bae,Kyoung-Chel Park,Bon Soon Koo,Byung-Jin Kim,Hye-Jin Lee,Sang-Wan Seo,Yong Kook Shin,Won-Seok Jung,Jung-Hee Cho,Youn-Chul Kim,Tae-Hyeon Kim,Ho-Joon Song,Sung-Joo Park
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/278718
Abstract: Myrrh has been used as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. However, effect of myrrh on peritoneal macrophages and clinically relevant models of septic shock, such as cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), is not well understood. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism(s) of myrrh on inflammatory responses. Myrrh inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-α but not of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages. In addition, Myrrh inhibited LPS-induced activation of c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and nuclear factor-κB. Administration of Myrrh reduced the CLP-induced mortality and bacterial counts and inhibited inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, administration of Myrrh attenuated CLP-induced liver damages, which were mainly evidenced by decreased infiltration of leukocytes and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase level. Taken together, these results provide the evidence for the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of Myrrh in sepsis.
Gardenia jasminoides protects against cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis
Won-Seok Jung, Young-Seok Chae, Do-Yun Kim, Sang-Wan Seo, Hee-Je Park, Gi-Sang Bae, Tae-Hyeon Kim, Hyo-Jeong Oh, Ki-Jung Yun, Rae-Kil Park, Jong-Suk Kim, Eun-Cheol Kim, Sung-Yeon Hwang, Sung-Joo Park, Ho-Joon Song
World Journal of Gastroenterology , 2008,
Abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. (1) Normal saline-treated group, (2) treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, (3) treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally (n = 6 per group) for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg), a stable cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue, every hour for a total of 6 h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70°C and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR measurements.RESULTS: Treatment with GJ decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with GJ attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitis-associated lung injury.
The inhibitory effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on alcoholic chronic pancreatitis
Gi-Sang Bae1, Kyoung-Chel Park2, Bon Soon Koo2, Sun Bok Choi2, Il-Joo Jo2, Chang-Min Choi3, Ho-Joon Song2 & Sung-Joo Park1,2,*
BMB Reports , 2012,
Abstract: Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) belonging to the Valerianaceae familyhas been used as a remedy for gastrointestinal inflammatory diseasesfor decades. However, the potential for NJ to ameliorate alcoholicchronic pancreatitis (ACP) is unknown. The aim of thisstudy was to examine the inhibitory effects of NJ on ACP.C57black/6 mice received ethanol injections intraperitoneally for 3weeks against a background of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.During ACP, NJ was ad libitum administrated orally with water.After 3 weeks of treatment, the pancreas was harvested for histologicalexamination. NJ treatment increased the pancreatic acinarcell survival (confirmed by amylase level testing) and reduced collagendeposition and pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. In addition,NJ treatment reduced the activation but not death of PSC. Inconclusion, our results suggest that NJ attenuated ACP through theinhibition of PSC activation.
6″-Debromohamacanthin A, a Bis (Indole) Alkaloid, Inhibits Angiogenesis by Targeting the VEGFR2-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways
Gi Dae Kim,Oug Jae Cheong,Song Yi Bae,Jongheon Shin,Sang Kook Lee
Marine Drugs , 2013, DOI: 10.3390/md11041087
Abstract: Hamacanthins, bis (indole) alkaloids, are found in a few marine sponges, including Spongosorites sp. Hamacanthins have been shown to possess cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activities. However, the precise mechanism for the biological activities of hamacanthins has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the anti-angiogenic effects of 6″-debromohamacanthin A (DBHA), an active component of isolated hamacanthins, were evaluated in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and endothelial-like cells differentiated from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. DBHA significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in the HUVEC. DBHA also suppressed the capillary-like structure formation and the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), an endothelial biomarker, in mES cell-derived endothelial-like cells. To further understand the precise molecular mechanism of action, VEGF-mediated signaling pathways were analyzed in HUVEC cells and mES cell-derived endothelial-like cells. DBHA suppressed the VEGF-induced expression of MAPKs (p38, ERK and SAPK/JNK) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, DBHA inhibited microvessel sprouting in mES/EB-derived embryoid bodies. In an ex vivo model, DBHA also suppressed the microvessel sprouting of mouse aortic rings. The findings suggest for the first time that DBHA inhibits angiogenesis by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in endothelial cells.
Presurgical Mapping of Brain Tumors Using Statistical Probabilistic Anatomical Maps  [PDF]
Jin Su Kim, Gi Jeong Cheon, Sang Moo Lim
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2015.89061
Abstract: Purpose: Multi-tracer neuroimaging is widely used for the diagnosis, radiotherapy, and neuro-surgery of brain gliomas. Anatomical and functional information is important to avoid having neurological deficits induced during the resection or radiation therapy of brain gliomas. The aim of this study was to investigate presurgical anatomical labeling of brain gliomas on FLT and FET using statistical probabilistic anatomic maps (SPAM), which are images of cerebral cortical, cerebellar, and subcortical volumes of interest (VOIs). Methods: FDG, FLT, and FET PET scans were acquired. FLT and FET PET images were coregistered to the FDG PET images, which were then spatially normalized onto the target brain. An inverse spatial normalization parameter was calculated and applied to SPAM. For the anatomical labeling of brain glioma regions, the volumes of brain gliomason FLT and FET images were extracted using segmentation. Probabilistic information of the glioma region was then calculated using SPAM and the segmented glioma volumes. SPM and an in-house program were used for image processing. Results: The probability of SPAM labeling a brain glioma region could be extracted using the inverse normalized SPAM and segmented glioma regions. In a sample case, the probabilistic anatomical region of the glioma included 21% of the postcentral gyrus, 12% of the superior parietal gyrus, and 6% of the angular gyrus. Conclusion: Anatomical information about brain gliomas could be extracted using SPAM. This proposed method would be optional for presurgical mapping, to avoid an additional functional mapping study that might otherwise be necessary to avoid producing neurological deficits.
Dissociable Decoding of Spatial Attention and Working Memory from EEG Oscillations and Sustained Potentials
Gi-Yeul Bae,Steven J. Luck
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2860-17.2017
Abstract: In human scalp EEG recordings, both sustained potentials and alpha-band oscillations are present during the delay period of working memory tasks and may therefore reflect the representation of information in working memory. However, these signals may instead reflect support mechanisms rather than the actual contents of memory. In particular, alpha-band oscillations have been tightly tied to spatial attention and may not reflect location-independent memory representations per se. To determine how sustained and oscillating EEG signals are related to attention and working memory, we attempted to decode which of 16 orientations was being held in working memory by human observers (both women and men). We found that sustained EEG activity could be used to decode the remembered orientation of a stimulus, even when the orientation of the stimulus varied independently of its location. Alpha-band oscillations also carried clear information about the location of the stimulus, but they provided little or no information about orientation independently of location. Thus, sustained potentials contain information about the object properties being maintained in working memory, consistent with previous evidence of a tight link between these potentials and working memory capacity. In contrast, alpha-band oscillations primarily carry location information, consistent with their link to spatial attention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Working memory plays a key role in cognition, and working memory is impaired in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Previous research has suggested that human scalp EEG recordings contain signals that reflect the neural representation of information in working memory. However, to conclude that a neural signal actually represents the object being remembered, it is necessary to show that the signal contains fine-grained information about that object. Here, we show that sustained voltages in human EEG recordings contain fine-grained information about the orientation of an object being held in memory, consistent with a memory storage signal
Reactivation of Previous Experiences in a Working Memory Task
Gi-Yeul Bae,Steven J. Luck
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0956797619830398
Abstract: Recent experiences influence the processing of new information even when those experiences are irrelevant to the current task. Does this reflect the indirect effects of a passively maintained representation of the previous experience, or is this representation reactivated when a new event occurs? To answer this question, we attempted to decode the orientation of the stimulus on the previous trial from the electroencephalogram on the current trial in a working memory task. Behavioral data confirmed that the previous-trial stimulus orientation influenced the reported orientation on the current trial, even though the previous-trial orientation was now task irrelevant. In two independent experiments, we found that the previous-trial orientation could be decoded from the current-trial electroencephalogram, indicating that the current-trial stimulus reactivated or boosted the representation of the previous-trial orientation. These results suggest that the effects of recent experiences on behavior are driven, in part, by a reactivation of those experiences and not solely by the indirect effects of passive memory traces
Dual Effects of Human Placenta
Chul Kim,Dong Hyun Cha,Gi Jin Kim,Han Wool Kim,Hyun-Seob Lee,Jin-Su Kim,Jisook Moon,Johannes Schwarz,Joopyung Kim,Jun Mo Kang,Sang-Hun Bae,Sang-Hun Lee,Sung Woon Chang,Tae Hee Lee
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766324
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the elderly and the patients suffer from uncontrolled movement disorders due to loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons on substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We previously reported that transplantation of human fetal midbrain-derived neural precursor cells restored the functional deficits of a 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rodent model of PD but its low viability and ethical issues still remain to be solved. Albeit immune privilege and neural differentiation potentials suggest mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissues including human placenta MSCs (hpMSCs) for an alternative source, our understanding of their therapeutic mechanisms is still limited. To expand our knowledge on the MSC-mediated PD treatment, we here investigated the therapeutic mechanism of hpMSCs and hpMSC-derived neural phenotype cells (hpNPCs) using a PD rat model. Whereas both hpMSCs and hpNPCs protected DA neurons in the SNpc at comparable levels, the hpNPC transplantation into 6-OHDA treated rats exhibited longer lasting recovery in motor deficits than either the saline or the hpMSC treated rats. The injected hpNPCs induced delta-like ligand (DLL)1 and neurotrophic factors, and influenced environments prone to neuroprotection. Compared with hpMSCs, co-cultured hpNPCs more efficiently protected primary neural precursor cells from midbrain against 6-OHDA as well as induced their differentiation into DA neurons. Further experiments with conditioned media from hpNPCs revealed that the secreted factors from hpNPCs modulated immune responses and neural protection. Taken together, both DLL1-mediated contact signals and paracrine factors play critical roles in hpNPC-mediated improvement. First showing here that hpMSCs and their neural derivative hpNPCs were able to restore the PD-associated deficits via dual mechanisms, neuroprotection and immunosuppression, this study expanded our knowledge of therapeutic mechanisms in PD and other age-related diseases
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